History of the Future is the first publication on one of Brazil’s foremost contemporary conceptual artists, Milton Machado (born 1947). For more than 30 years, Machado has been designing and constructing a utopian world, titled History of the Future, which he illustrates in sketches, drawings, writings, sculptures and installations.
Paulo Herkenhoff (born 1949) is an independent curator and critic. From 2003–2006, he was director of the Museu Nacional de Belas Artes, Rio de Janeiro. Previously Herkenhoff was adjunct curator in the Department of Painting and Sculpture at Museum of Modern Art, New York (1999–2002), and chief curator of Museu de Arte Moderna do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro (1985–1990). He was also artistic director of the 1998 24th São Paulo Biennale, São Paulo (1997–1999), and curated the Brazilian Pavilion at the 47th Venice Biennale, Venice, 1997. Herkenhoff recently co-curated Brasil: desFocos (O Olho de Fora), Paço das Artes, São Paulo, 2008 and contributed to the publication Psycho Buildings: Artists Take on Architecture (2008). He has also published texts on artists such as Raul Mourão (2007); Guillermo Kuitca (2006); Rebecca Horn (2005); Julião Sarmento (2004); and Louise Bourgeois (2003). Herkenhoff lives and works in Rio de Janeiro.
From the Tyrannical Intellect of the Architect to the Good Taste of the Industrial Designer
As a curator and architecture critic in 1930s Italy, P. M. Bardi advocated a radical Rationalist architectural aesthetic for the new fascist metropolis, the emergent fascist nation. The Italian Movement for Rationalist Architecture (MIAR) was a variation of International Style in the vein of Le Corbusier and the Congrès International d’Architecture Moderne (CIAM).[10] Rejecting the ornamentation and use of traditional materials—e.g., marble—that characterized eclecticism and neoclassicism, Italy’s Rationalist architects favored clean geometries, industrial materials such as glass and concrete, and functionalist principles. Throughout the 1930s, Bardi argued for the alliance of Rationalist architecture and fascist politics in the pages of the Milan newspaper L’Ambrosiano, in the architecture journal Quadrante (which he cofounded in 1933 and edited until 1936), and in the Rome newspaper Meridiano.[11] However, Bardi’s justifications for the marriage of Rationalism and fascism underwent some shifts throughout this period. At first, the revolutionary aesthetic character of Rationalism was seen as wholly consonant with the revolutionary political character of Italian fascism.[12] Limitless Museum: P. M. Bardi’s Aesthetic Reeducation Pietro Maria Bardi, Quadrante, and the Architecture of Fascist Italy Pietro Maria Bardi, o crÃtico de arte que dirigiu por quase 50 anos o MASP Pietro Maria Bardi: o italiano que criou o Masp Pietro Maria Bardi: curiosidades sobre o jornalista e colecionador de arte PIETRO MARIA BARDI – THE VICARIOUS ARCHITECT: THE IMPORTATION OF ITALIAN FUTURISM TO BRAZILMASP – museu laboratório: museu e cidade em Pietro Maria BardiSão Paulo Museum of Art
Professor Lionello Venturi com Pietro Maria Bardi em visita ao MASP em 1960
Descobri esse arquiteto que trabalha com luz externa nesses espaços. Uma abordagem de vanguarda para Brasil. (Interview by Youri Messen-Jaschin – french version)
Unusual encounter from my trip to Brazil the 26.01.1988 I one of the greatest world architect: ## OSCAR NIEMEYER ## friends of Le Corbusier, met in his office in Ipanema – Rio de Janeiro I 5 December 2012 – unfortunately deceased..
Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida Niemeyer Soares Filho (December 15, 1907 – December 5, 2012), known as Oscar Niemeyer (Brazilian Portuguese: was a Brazilian architect considered to be one of the key figures in the development of modern architecture. Niemeyer was best known for his design of civic buildings for BrasÃlia, a planned city that became Brazil’s capital in 1960, as well as his collaboration with other architects on the headquarters of the United Nations in New York. His exploration of the aesthetic possibilities of reinforced concrete was highly influential in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.
Both lauded and criticized for being a “sculptor of monuments”,Niemeyer was hailed as a great artist and one of the greatest architects of his generation by his supporters. He said his architecture was strongly influenced by Le Corbusier, but in an interview, assured that this “didn’t prevent [his] architecture from going in a different direction”. Niemeyer was most famous for his use of abstract forms and curves an wrote in his memoirs.
Early career…
After graduating, he worked in his father’s typography house. Even though he was not financially stable, he insisted on working in the architecture studio of Lúcio Costa, Gregori Warchavchik and Carlos Leão, even though they could not pay him. Niemeyer joined them as a draftsman, an art that he mastered (Corbusier himself would later compliment Niemeyer’s ‘beautiful perspectives’[10]). The contact with Costa would be extremely important to Niemeyer’s maturation. Costa, after an initial flirtation with the Neocolonial movement, realized that the advances of the International Style in Europe were the way forward for architecture. His writings on the insights that could unite Brazil’s traditional colonial architecture (such as that in Olinda) with modernist principles would be the basis of the architecture that he and his contemporaries, such as Affonso Eduardo Reidy, would later realize.
In 1936, at 29, Lúcio Costa was appointed by Education Minister Gustavo Capanema to design the new headquarters of the Ministry of Education and Health in Rio de Janeiro. Costa himself, although open to change, was unsure of how to proceed. He assembled a group of young architects (Carlos Leão, Affonso Eduardo Reidy, Jorge Moreira and Ernani Vasconcellos) to design the building. He also insisted that Le Corbusier himself should be invited as a consultant. Though Niemeyer was not initially part of the team, Costa agreed to accept him after Niemeyer insisted. During the period of Le Corbusier’s stay in Rio, he was appointed to help the master with his drafts, which allowed him a close contact with the Swiss. After his departure, Niemeyer’s significant changes to Corbusier’s scheme impressed Costa, who allowed him to progressively take charge of the project, of which he assumed leadership in 1939.